摘要

用表(biao)面(mian)(mian)張力(li)(li)法研究(jiu)了(le)牛血清白蛋(dan)白對IL型gemini表(biao)面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)劑[C10-4-C10im]Br2表(biao)面(mian)(mian)性(xing)質的(de)(de)影響。研究(jiu)了(le)不(bu)同(tong)溫度(du)下臨界膠(jiao)束濃(nong)度(du)（CMC）與BSA濃(nong)度(du)的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)。[C10-4-C10im]Br2的(de)(de)CMC隨著(zhu)BSA濃(nong)度(du)的(de)(de)增加(jia)以及(ji)系(xi)統溫度(du)的(de)(de)升高而增加(jia)。界面(mian)(mian)參數(shu)，即；計算(suan)了(le)最大表(biao)面(mian)(mian)過(guo)(guo)量濃(nong)度(du)（Γmax）、每分子最小面(mian)(mian)積（Amin）和(he)CMC下的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)壓力(li)(li)（ΔCMC）。此外，利用表(biao)面(mian)(mian)張力(li)(li)數(shu)據(ju)評(ping)估了(le)吸附和(he)膠(jiao)束化的(de)(de)熱力(li)(li)學參數(shu)。結果(guo)表(biao)明，[C10-4-C10im]Br2與BSA的(de)(de)結合是(shi)自發的(de)(de)、放熱的(de)(de)。該過(guo)(guo)程是(shi)熵驅動(dong)的(de)(de)，疏水相互作(zuo)用是(shi)主要驅動(dong)力(li)(li)。

圖形摘要

1.介紹

表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是由(you)親(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)疏(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩親(qin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)自聚集(ji)（膠束(shu)(shu)化）特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)它們(men)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)溶(rong)解水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難溶(rong)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)，因(yin)此在(zai)制(zhi)藥科學(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)發揮著重要作(zuo)用(yong)。[1]它們(men)已(yi)廣泛用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)折疊/去(qu)折疊和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)配體(ti)(ti)-蛋白(bai)質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)研究。例如，傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單鏈表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)；十六烷基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)三甲基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溴(xiu)化銨(an)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)十二烷基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)硫酸鈉(na)已(yi)被廣泛用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)血清白(bai)蛋白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)折疊、變(bian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)結合(he)分(fen)(fen)析。[2-10]最近，gemini表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)以(yi)下(xia)各個(ge)(ge)(ge)領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣泛應用(yong)而備(bei)受關(guan)注(zhu)：生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)化學(xue)、制(zhi)藥和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)化妝(zhuang)品(pin)等。雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)新(xin)型(xing)(xing)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)含有(you)(you)(you)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)親(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)頭(tou)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)疏(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尾基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。[11]雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)種特(te)(te)殊(shu)(shu)設(she)計(ji)使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)優于(yu)(yu)(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單鏈表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。gemini表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)存在(zai)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)疏(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)鏈和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)頭(tou)部基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)CMC值(zhi)較低(di)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)比(bi)傳統(tong)(tong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潤濕、起泡、分(fen)(fen)散(san)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)乳化性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。[12–14]gemini表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)特(te)(te)點是，可通過改變(bian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)結構(gou)元素來調節其(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)（疏(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)尾、親(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)頭(tou)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隔物(wu)(wu)）。[15]另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)吸(xi)(xi)引人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點是，與(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，較低(di)數量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)足以(yi)產生(sheng)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果，因(yin)此，雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)被稱為(wei)綠色表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。與(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可以(yi)是陰(yin)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、非(fei)陰(yin)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)兩性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)(ti)取決于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)gemini表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)可調特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)與(yu)不同(tong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)大(da)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（DNA和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)）相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)。[16-18]它們(men)被用(yong)作(zuo)納米(mi)顆(ke)粒合(he)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)封蓋劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、藥物(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)藥物(wu)(wu)遞送劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)遞送劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等。[19-23]隨著以(yi)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步，化學(xue)家們(men)正在(zai)不斷尋找新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配方來設(she)計(ji)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)吸(xi)(xi)引力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)（IL）基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)就(jiu)是這(zhe)種新(xin)型(xing)(xing)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)例子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)，基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)許多領域具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)特(te)(te)殊(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。與(yu)傳統(tong)(tong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、可忽略(lve)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸(zheng)汽壓、較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)解能(neng)(neng)力和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，粘度(du)，溶(rong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)容(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)密(mi)度(du)。[24,25]ILs[26]和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)gemini表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)[27-31]發現當使(shi)用(yong)到最佳(jia)濃度(du)范圍時(shi)，可增(zeng)加蛋白(bai)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。此外，咪(mi)(mi)唑(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)為(wei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)IL的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)gemini表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)加了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)附加功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)比(bi)傳統(tong)(tong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)更為(wei)有(you)(you)(you)益。咪(mi)(mi)唑(zuo)(zuo)頭(tou)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明顯(xian)極化率增(zeng)加了自聚集(ji)IL型(xing)(xing)gemini表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度(du)，從而使(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)作(zuo)為(wei)制(zhi)備(bei)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)超分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)模板(ban)。[32,33]具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)咪(mi)(mi)唑(zuo)(zuo)頭(tou)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)反膠束(shu)(shu)顯(xian)示出比(bi)季(ji)銨(an)陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)質(zhi)容(rong)量。[34,35]咪(mi)(mi)唑(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)共(gong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)大(da)吸(xi)(xi)引力促進了共(gong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)（w/o）界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)。因(yin)此，由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)咪(mi)(mi)唑(zuo)(zuo)頭(tou)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)芳香(xiang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)通過π–π相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)大(da)吸(xi)(xi)引力[37]，它們(men)可以(yi)形成(cheng)致密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)膜[36]，這(zhe)在(zai)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)上具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)[38]最近，我(wo)們(men)通過表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)張力法(fa)研究了AMT對(dui)不同(tong)摩(mo)爾(er)分(fen)(fen)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IL型(xing)(xing)咪(mi)(mi)唑(zuo)(zuo)gemini表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。[39]

也有(you)報道(dao)稱，IL型雙子表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)不(bu)僅比對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)單體(ti)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互作(zuo)(zuo)用更(geng)(geng)強，而(er)且比其他具有(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同疏水鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)常規表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)更(geng)(geng)強。[40]相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反，我(wo)們(men)還發現(xian)(xian)，與(yu)(yu)單鏈表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比， gemini表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)較弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互作(zuo)(zuo)用，并對溶菌(jun)酶(mei)產生更(geng)(geng)穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。[41]在(zai)我(wo)們(men)以前的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)版物(wu)中，我(wo)們(men)報告了gemini表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)ILs對球狀蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)肽(tai)構(gou)象穩(wen)定性的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。[42–48]發現(xian)(xian)弱(ruo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互作(zuo)(zuo)用，如氫鍵(jian)、靜電(dian)、， 范德(de)沃爾相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互作(zuo)(zuo)用和(he)(he)(he)疏水力是這些表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合過程中最常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互作(zuo)(zuo)用。 我(wo)們(men)已經(jing)觀察到，根據蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)和(he)(he)(he)動力學，ILs與(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)(xian)出(chu)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合行為。 gemini表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)血(xue)清白(bai)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)、核(he)糖核(he)酸酶(mei)Sa、核(he)糖核(he)酸酶(mei)A和(he)(he)(he)溶菌(jun)酶(mei)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)研究表(biao)(biao)明，gemini表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性劑(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互作(zuo)(zuo)用取(qu)決于(yu)它(ta)們(men)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)和(he)(he)(he)疏水作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻， 間隔區的(de)(de)(de)(de)長度和(he)(he)(he)蛋(dan)(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)疏水電(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布。[49-52]

據報道(dao)，IL型(xing)雙(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都有(you)(you)帶電(dian)荷基(ji)團和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)疏水部分，[53,54]它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)通(tong)過某種復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而(er)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 從文獻中(zhong)我(wo)們(men)(men)了解(jie)到，已經(jing)(jing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)了大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，主要(yao)集中(zhong)在表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構對蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穩定性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，然而(er)，蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對IL基(ji)gemini表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)界面(mian)(mian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)很少被(bei)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)。 從藥(yao)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)(du)來看(kan)，有(you)(you)必要(yao)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理(li)化學和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)熱(re)力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，因為(wei)其(qi)(qi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微小(xiao)變(bian)化可(ke)以(yi)改變(bian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。 我(wo)們(men)(men)之前(qian)已經(jing)(jing)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)光(guang)譜技術描述了IL型(xing)雙(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)1,4-雙(shuang)(shuang)（3-十(shi)二(er)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)基(ji)咪唑-1-基(ji)）丁(ding)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)溴與溶(rong)菌酶(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。[55]在本(ben)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)，我(wo)們(men)(men)報告了BSA對離(li)子(zi)液體型(xing)雙(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)1,4-雙(shuang)(shuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)熱(re)力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang) （3-癸基(ji)咪唑-1-基(ji)）丁(ding)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)溴（[C10-4-C10im]Br2）。在本(ben)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)，我(wo)們(men)(men)選擇BSA作(zuo)為(wei)模(mo)型(xing)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)，因為(wei)其(qi)(qi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物理(li)化學性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已得(de)(de)到很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)征(zheng)。[56,57]它(ta)(ta)是(shi)一(yi)種帶負電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)球狀(zhuang)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)，由(you)583個(ge)(ge)氨(an)基(ji)酸殘(can)基(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)17個(ge)(ge)二(er)硫鍵組成。[56,58] BSA是(shi)一(yi)種與HAS具有(you)(you)70%序列相(xiang)似性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)源蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因此(ci)，它(ta)(ta)被(bei)廣泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)配(pei)(pei)體-蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)篩選新(xin)合(he)成化合(he)物對蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模(mo)型(xing)。BSA是(shi)一(yi)種富(fu)含螺旋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)α-螺旋、環和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)二(er)硫鍵以(yi)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)獲得(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he) 心形3D結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構。[59]BSA由(you)三個(ge)(ge)同(tong)(tong)源結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構域(yu)組成：I、II和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)III。每個(ge)(ge)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構域(yu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)步細分為(wei)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構域(yu)a和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)B。[60]亞(ya)(ya)(ya)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構域(yu)IIA和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)IIIA是(shi)疏水性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，作(zuo)為(wei)主要(yao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)位點(dian)。[61] BSA具有(you)(you)固有(you)(you)熒光(guang)探針，這使光(guang)譜技術能(neng)夠用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)配(pei)(pei)體-蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)互(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。BSA具有(you)(you)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)色氨(an)酸殘(can)基(ji)，即疏水配(pei)(pei)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)位點(dian)子(zi)域(yu)IIA中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Trp-212和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)子(zi)域(yu)IA中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Trp-134。酪氨(an)酸殘(can)基(ji)（Tyr-263） 也存在于(yu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構域(yu)IIA中(zhong)。[62]因此(ci)，可(ke)以(yi)借助(zhu)生物物理(li)技術輕松分析亞(ya)(ya)(ya)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構域(yu)IIA中(zhong)配(pei)(pei)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)。計算了不同(tong)(tong)濃度(du)(du)BSA下(xia)(xia)[C10-4-C10im]Br2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)(mian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)熱(re)力學參數，以(yi)確定BSA對蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)依賴效應 [C10-4-C10im]Br2。此(ci)外，在不同(tong)(tong)溫度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，以(yi)了解(jie)溫度(du)(du)變(bian)化是(shi)否對[C10-4-C10im]的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)(mian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)任(ren)何影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang) 本(ben)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)將廣泛了解(jie)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)何影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)雙(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)(mian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并可(ke)能(neng)有(you)(you)助(zhu)于(yu)擴大(da)雙(shuang)(shuang)子(zi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)在藥(yao)物傳(chuan)遞中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

牛血清白蛋白對表面的影響離子液體型雙子表面活性劑的性質——摘要、介紹

牛血清白蛋白對表面的影響離子液體型雙子表面活性劑的性質——材料和方法

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牛血清白蛋白對表面的影響離子液體型雙子表面活性劑的性質——結論、致謝！